手把手教你在 macOS 上搭建屬於自己的 Geth 私鏈

一、安裝 ethereum 客戶端#

brew tap ethereum/ethereum
添加以太坊的 Homebrew 軟體倉庫，為後續安裝做準備
在這裡插入圖片描述
brew install ethereum
從以太坊倉庫中安裝 Ethereum 客戶端（主要是 Geth）
這裡已經安裝過了 geth

二、創建所需資料夾，配置 genesis.json 文件#

1. 新建一個 blockchain 資料夾來存儲本地 geth，裡面分別創建 data0、geth 資料夾，以及 genesis.json 文件，如下圖所示
在這裡插入圖片描述
data0 資料夾：
存放區塊鏈數據（如區塊、交易、帳戶狀態）以及相關配置

geth 資料夾：
是 Geth 生成的子目錄，存儲具體的區塊數據、日誌、密鑰庫等信息

genesis.json 文件：
創世區塊配置文件，用於定義私鏈的初始狀態（如難度、gasLimit、預置帳戶等）
下面是 genesis.json 文件的代碼

{
    "config": {
        "chainId": 1337,
        "homesteadBlock": 0,
        "eip150Block": 0,
        "eip155Block": 0,
        "eip158Block": 0,
        "byzantiumBlock": 0,
        "constantinopleBlock": 0,
        "petersburgBlock": 0,
        "istanbulBlock": 0,
        "muirGlacierBlock": 0,
        "berlinBlock": 0,
        "londonBlock": 0,
        "arrowGlacierBlock": 0,
        "grayGlacierBlock": 0,
        "shanghaiTime": 0,
        "terminalTotalDifficulty": 0,
        "terminalTotalDifficultyPassed": true
    },
    "nonce": "0x0",
    "timestamp": "0x0",
    "extraData": "0x",
    "gasLimit": "0xaf79e0",
    "difficulty": "0x1",
    "mixHash": "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
    "coinbase": "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
    "alloc": {
        "0000000000000000000000000000000000000003": {
            "balance": "0x1"
        },
        "0000000000000000000000000000000000000003": {
            "balance": "0x1"
        },
        "0000000000000000000000000000000000000003": {
            "balance": "0x1"
        },
        "0000000000000000000000000000000000000004": {
            "balance": "0x1"
        },
        "0000000000000000000000000000000000000005": {
            "balance": "0x1"
        },
        "0000000000000000000000000000000000000006": {
            "balance": "0x1"
        },
        "0000000000000000000000000000000000000007": {
            "balance": "0x1"
        },
        "0000000000000000000000000000000000000008": {
            "balance": "0x1"
        },
        "0000000000000000000000000000000000000009": {
            "balance": "0x1"
        }
    },
    "number": "0x0",
    "gasUsed": "0x0",
    "parentHash": "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
    "baseFeePerGas": "0x3b9aca00",
    "excessBlobGas": null,
    "blobGasUsed": null
}

三、生成區塊鏈的創世區塊#

1. 初始化區塊鏈數據目錄並生成創世區塊
geth --datadir data0 init genesis.json

在這裡插入圖片描述

其中 geth/chaindata 中存放的是區塊數據，keystore 中存放的是帳戶數據，但現在還是空的

2. 啟動本地私鏈
geth --datadir data0 --networkid 10 --http --http.port 8545 --http.api personal,db,eth,net,web3,miner,admin console

在這裡插入圖片描述
3. 查詢帳戶
eth.accounts

4. 創建帳號
右鍵再打開一個終端
geth --datadir data0 account new

![在這裡插入圖片描述](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/direct/61bdad54161747d58ecd48187cdeef84.png#pic_center =300x) 5. 再次查詢帳戶
eth.accounts

6. 查詢帳戶餘額
eth.getBalance(eth.accounts[0])

發現餘額為 0，且挖礦後，餘額也沒有變化

== 這裡要初始化帳號的金額，因為從 geth 的 13 版本後，就要在 genesis.json 裡面設置帳號金額了，所以回到 genesis.json 文件，重新修改代碼，我們要替換成剛剛創建的帳戶私鑰，並設置金額 ==

至於為什麼一開始不提前在 genesis.json 文件裡面設置好，因為要先創建帳戶呀
在這裡插入圖片描述

7. 重新修改 genesis.json 文件

{
    "config": {
        "chainId": 1337,
        "homesteadBlock": 0,
        "eip150Block": 0,
        "eip155Block": 0,
        "eip158Block": 0,
        "byzantiumBlock": 0,
        "constantinopleBlock": 0,
        "petersburgBlock": 0,
        "istanbulBlock": 0,
        "muirGlacierBlock": 0,
        "berlinBlock": 0,
        "londonBlock": 0,
        "arrowGlacierBlock": 0,
        "grayGlacierBlock": 0,
        "shanghaiTime": 0,
        "terminalTotalDifficulty": 0,
        "terminalTotalDifficultyPassed": true
    },
    "nonce": "0x0",
    "timestamp": "0x0",
    "extraData": "0x",
    "gasLimit": "0xaf79e0",
    "difficulty": "0x1",
    "mixHash": "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
    "coinbase": "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
    "alloc": {
        "8f3D6d2d65948cFE4470cCD478F14194f630e813": {
            "balance": "0x100000000000000000000000000"
        },
        "0000000000000000000000000000000000000003": {
            "balance": "0x1"
        },
        "0000000000000000000000000000000000000003": {
            "balance": "0x1"
        },
        "0000000000000000000000000000000000000004": {
            "balance": "0x1"
        },
        "0000000000000000000000000000000000000005": {
            "balance": "0x1"
        },
        "0000000000000000000000000000000000000006": {
            "balance": "0x1"
        },
        "0000000000000000000000000000000000000007": {
            "balance": "0x1"
        },
        "0000000000000000000000000000000000000008": {
            "balance": "0x1"
        },
        "0000000000000000000000000000000000000009": {
            "balance": "0x1"
        }
    },
    "number": "0x0",
    "gasUsed": "0x0",
    "parentHash": "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
    "baseFeePerGas": "0x3b9aca00",
    "excessBlobGas": null,
    "blobGasUsed": null
}

這裡需要注意
8. 重新初始化
== 刪除 geth 資料夾，目的是清空數據目錄，因為 data0 數據目錄中已經存在一個創世區塊（genesis）==
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重新初始化
geth --datadir data0 init genesis.json

9. 再次啟動本地私鏈，查詢帳戶餘額
geth --datadir data0 --networkid 10 --http --http.port 8545 --http.api personal,db,eth,net,web3,miner,admin console

查詢餘額
eth.getBalance(eth.accounts[0])
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至此，我們已經成功在 macOS 上搭建了一個屬於自己的 Geth 私鏈。從環境安裝到私鏈初始化，再到節點啟動和帳戶查詢

希望這篇教程對你有所幫助，帶你邁出區塊鏈開發的重要一步！如果遇到問題，不妨多嘗試，多學習，相信你一定能玩轉 Geth！